A significant operational risk is Foreign Object Debris (FOD). If a piece of metal or concrete from a poorly maintained runway is sucked into an aircraft engine, the property damage can exceed $15$ million. This document details the "Property Damage to Third Party Aircraft" section of the policy.

The technical focus is on "Pavement Management Systems" (PMS). Insurers require airports to conduct regular "Micro-texture" and "Macro-texture" testing to ensure surface friction and integrity. The document examines "Maintenance Log Subpoenas"—how attorneys use airport maintenance records to prove "Negligence" in the event of an FOD-related engine surge. It also covers "Runway Incursion" liability, where the airport may be held liable if a lack of clear signage or lighting leads to a vehicle or aircraft entering an active runway without clearance.